Kungekudala, iphepha leempendulo laphakathi enyakeni lophuhliso oludibeneyo lweHengqin phakathi kweZhuhai kunye neMacao laliqhubeka kancinci. Enye yeentsinga ze-optical cross-border yatsala umdla. Idlule kwiZhuhai kunye neMacao ukuqonda uqhagamshelwano lwamandla ekhompyutha kunye nokwabelana ngezibonelelo ukusuka eMacao ukuya eHengqin, kunye nokwakha ijelo lolwazi. I-Shanghai ikwakhuthaza iprojekthi yophuculo kunye nenguqu ye-"optical ibe yicopper back" yonke i-fiber network network ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso loqoqosho olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkonzo zonxibelelwano ezingcono kubahlali.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji ye-Intanethi, imfuno yabasebenzisi yokugcwala kwi-Intanethi iyanda imihla ngemihla, indlela yokuphucula amandla onxibelelwano lwefiber optical ibe yingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe.
Ukusukela ekuveleni kobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lwefiber optical, iye yazisa utshintsho olukhulu kwimimandla yesayensi kunye neteknoloji kunye noluntu. Njengesicelo esibalulekileyo sobuchwephesha belaser, iteknoloji yolwazi lwelaser emelwe bubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lwefiber optical fiber bakhe ubume bothungelwano lonxibelelwano lwale mihla kwaye lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhanjiswa kolwazi. Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-Optical fiber ibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi langoku le-Intanethi, kwaye ikwayenye yetekhnoloji engundoqo yexesha lolwazi.
Ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo obusakhulayo obufana ne-Intanethi yezinto, idatha enkulu, inyaniso ebonakalayo, i-intelligence intelligence (AI), isizukulwana sesihlanu sonxibelelwano lweselula (5G) kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe ekutshintshisweni kolwazi kunye nokuhanjiswa. Ngokutsho kwedatha yophando ekhutshwe yiCisco kwi-2019, i-IP ye-IP yomhlaba jikelele iya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-1.5ZB (1ZB = 1021B) ngo-2017 ukuya kwi-4.8ZB kwi-2022, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka se-26%. Xa ujongene nokukhula kwetrafikhi ephezulu, unxibelelwano lwefiber optical, njengeyona nxalenye yomqolo wothungelwano lonxibelelwano, iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphucula. Iisistim zonxibelelwano lwefiber enesantya esiphezulu, ezinomthamo omkhulu kunye nothungelwano ziya kuba yeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical.
Imbali yoPhuhliso kunye neSimo soPhando lweTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano lweFiber ye-Optical
I-laser yokuqala ye-ruby yaphuhliswa kwi-1960, emva kokufumanisa indlela i-lasers esebenza ngayo ngu-Arthur Showlow kunye noCharles Townes ngo-1958. Emva koko, kwi-1970, i-laser yokuqala ye-AlGaAs semiconductor laser ekwaziyo ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo, kwaye kwi-1977. i-laser semiconductor yaqondwa ukuba isebenze ngokuqhubekayo amashumi amawaka eeyure kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iilaser zineemfuno zokuqala zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical. Ukususela ekuqaleni kokuveliswa kwe-laser, abaqambi baqaphela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubalulekileyo kwinkalo yonxibelelwano. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziphene ezimbini ezicacileyo kwi-teknoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-laser: enye kukuba umthamo omkhulu wamandla uya kulahleka ngenxa yokuhlukana kwe-laser beam; enye kukuba ichatshazelwa kakhulu yimeko yesicelo, njengokuba isicelo kwimo engqongileyo ye-atmospheric iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kutshintsho kwiimeko zemozulu. Ke ngoko, kunxibelelwano lwe-laser, i-optical waveguide efanelekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ifiber ebonakalayo esetyenziselwa unxibelelwano olucetywayo nguGqr. Kao Kung, ophumelele iBhaso leNobel kwifiziksi, iyahlangabezana neemfuno zobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano ngelaser kwi-waveguides. Ucebise ukuba iRayleigh ilahleko yokulahleka kwefiber optical yeglasi inokuba sezantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-20 dB/km), kwaye ukulahleka kwamandla kwifiber optical iphuma ikakhulu ekufunxeni kokukhanya ngokungcola kwizixhobo zeglasi, ngoko ke ukucocwa kwezinto kungundoqo. ekunciphiseni ilahleko ifayibha optical Key, kwaye kwakhona wachaza ukuba transmission single-mode kubalulekile ukugcina unxibelelwano olulungileyo ukusebenza.
Kwi-1970, i-Corning Glass Company yenza i-quartz-based multimode optical fiber kunye nokulahlekelwa malunga ne-20dB / km ngokwesiphakamiso sikaDkt. Emva kophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, ukulahlekelwa kwe-quartz-based optical fibers kusondela kumda wethiyori. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimeko zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical ziye zaneliswa ngokupheleleyo.
Iinkqubo zokuqala zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical zonke zamkele indlela yokufumana ubhaqo ngqo. Le yindlela elula yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical. I-PD yi-square law detector, kwaye kuphela ubukhulu besignali ye-optical inokufunyanwa. Le ndlela yokufumana ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokufumana iqhubekile ukusuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala sobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lwefiber optical kwi-1970 ukuya ekuqaleni kwe-1990.
Ukonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwe-spectrum ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth, kufuneka siqale kwimiba emibini: enye kukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ukuya kumda we-Shannon, kodwa ukonyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-spectrum kuye kwanyusa iimfuno zonxibelelwano lwe-telecommunication-to-noise ratio, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa. umgama wothumelo; enye kukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo isigaba, Umthamo wolwazi we-polarization state usetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa, okuyinkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-optical yesizukulwana sesibini.
Inkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-optical yesizukulwana sesibini isebenzisa i-optical mixer yokukhangela i-intradyne, kwaye ithatha i-polarization ye-diversity reception, oko kukuthi, ekupheleni kokufumana, ukukhanya komqondiso kunye nokukhanya kwe-oscillator yendawo kuchithwa kwimiqadi emibini yokukhanya apho iindawo ze-polarization ziyi-orthogonal. kubanye ngabanye. Ngale ndlela, i-polarization-insensitive reception inokufezekiswa. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba ngeli xesha, ukulandelela ukuphindaphinda, ukubuyiswa kwesigaba somthwali, ukulinganisa, ukuvumelanisa, ukulandelela i-polarization kunye ne-demultiplexing ekupheleni kokufumana konke kunokugqitywa ngeteknoloji ye-digital signal processing (DSP), eyenza lula kakhulu i-hardware. uyilo lomamkeli, kunye nokuphucula amandla okubuyisela umqondiso.
Eminye imingeni kunye neengqwalasela ezijongene noPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano lweFayibha ye-Optical
Ngokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obahlukeneyo, izangqa zezemfundo kunye noshishino ngokusisiseko bafikelele kumda wobuchule bokubonwa kwenkqubo yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical. Ukuqhubeka nokwandisa umthamo wokuhambisa, kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokunyusa i-bandwidth yenkqubo ye-B (umthamo wokwandisa umthamo) okanye ukwandisa umlinganiselo we-signal-to-noise. Ingxoxo ethile yile ilandelayo.
1. Isisombululo sokwandisa amandla okuhambisa
Ekubeni isiphumo esingenasiphelo esibangelwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu sinokuncitshiswa ngokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo indawo esebenzayo ye-fiber cross-section, isisombululo sokwandisa amandla okusebenzisa i-fiber mode-mode endaweni ye-fiber-mode-mode fiber transmission. Ukongezelela, isisombululo samanje esixhaphakileyo kwimiphumo engabonakaliyo kukusebenzisa i-digital backpropagation (DBP) i-algorithm, kodwa ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo ye-algorithm kuya kubangela ukwanda kobunzima bokubala. Kungekudala, uphando lweteknoloji yokufunda ngomatshini kwimbuyekezo engabonakaliyo ibonise ithemba elihle lesicelo, elinciphisa kakhulu ubunzima be-algorithm, ngoko ukuyila inkqubo ye-DBP kunokuncediswa ngokufunda ngomatshini kwixesha elizayo.
2. Ukwandisa i-bandwidth ye-optical amplifier
Ukwandisa i-bandwidth kunokwephula umda woluhlu lwamaza e-EDFA. Ukongeza kwi-C-band kunye ne-L-band, i-S-band inokuphinda ifakwe kuluhlu lwesicelo, kwaye i-SOA okanye i-Raman amplifier ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulisa. Nangona kunjalo, i-fiber optical ekhoyo inelahleko enkulu kwi-frequency bands ngaphandle kwe-S-band, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuyila uhlobo olutsha lwe-fiber optical ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokudluliselwa. Kodwa kuwo onke amabhendi, itekhnoloji yokukhulisa i-optical ekhoyo yorhwebo ingumceli mngeni.
3. Uphando kwilahleko ephantsi yosulelo lwefiber optical
Uphando ngelahleko ephantsi yosulelo lwefayibha ngomnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu kweli candelo. I-fiber ye-hollow core (HCF) inethuba lokulahleka okuncinci kokudluliselwa, okuya kunciphisa ukulibaziseka kwexesha lokusasazwa kwefayibha kwaye kunokuphelisa ingxaki ye-fiber engabonakaliyo kakhulu.
4. Uphando malunga nolwahlulo lwamajukujuku olunxulumene nobuchwepheshe obuphindaphindeneyo
Itekhnoloji ye-Space-division multiplexing sisisombululo esisebenzayo sokwandisa umthamo wefiber enye. Ngokukodwa, i-multi-core optical fiber isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa, kwaye umthamo wefayibha enye iphindwe kabini. Umba ongundoqo kulo mba kukuba ingaba kukho iamplifier yamehlo esebenza ngokufanelekileyo. , kungenjalo inokulingana kuphela ne-multiple-core optical fibers; usebenzisa i-mode-division multiplexing technology kuquka imo yomgca we-polarization, i-OAM beam esekelwe kwisigaba sobunye kunye ne-cylindrical vector beam esekelwe kwi-polarization singularity, iteknoloji enjalo ingaba yi-Beam multiplexing inika idigri entsha yenkululeko kwaye iphucula amandla eenkqubo zonxibelelwano olubonakalayo. Inamathemba osetyenziso olubanzi kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical, kodwa uphando malunga nezikhulisi zamehlo ezinxulumene nazo zingumceli mngeni. Ukongeza, indlela yokulinganisa ubunzima benkqubo ebangelwa ukulibaziseka kweqela lemowudi yokwahlula kunye nemveliso ye-multiple-output yokulinganisa iteknoloji yedijithali nayo ifanelekile ukuqwalaselwa.
Amathuba oPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yoNxibelelwano lweFayibha ye-Optical
Itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber ye-Optical fiber iye yaphuhliswa ukusuka kuthungelwano olunesantya esiphantsi ukuya kuthumelo oluhamba ngesantya esiphezulu lwangoku, kwaye iye yaba yenye yeetekhnoloji ezisisiseko ezixhasa uluntu lolwazi, kwaye yenze isiyalo esikhulu kunye nenkundla yentlalo. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko imfuno yoluntu yosasazo lolwazi iqhubeka isanda, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwefiber optical fiber kunye nobuchwepheshe bothungelwano ziya kuguqukela kumthamo omkhulu, ubukrelekrele kunye nokudibanisa. Ngelixa bephucula ukusebenza kothumelo, baya kuqhubeka behlisa iindleko kwaye bakhonze impilo yabantu kwaye bancede ilizwe lakhe ulwazi. uluntu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-CeiTa iye yasebenzisana neqela lemibutho yeentlekele zemvelo, ekwaziyo ukuqikelela izilumkiso zokhuseleko zengingqi ezifana neenyikima, izikhukula kunye neetsunami. Ifuna kuphela ukuqhagamshelwa kwi-ONU ye-CeiTa. Xa kukho intlekele yemvelo, isikhululo senyikima siya kukhupha isilumkiso kwangethuba. Isiphelo sendlela phantsi kwe ONU Izilumkiso ziyakwenziwa ngaxeshanye.
(1) Inethiwekhi yamehlo ekrelekrele
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, inkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-optical kunye nenethiwekhi ye-intelligence network ye-optical network isekwinqanaba lokuqala malunga nokucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi, ukugcinwa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuxilongwa kweempazamo, kunye neqondo lobukrelekrele alanelanga. Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wefayibha enye, ukwenzeka kwayo nayiphi na intsilelo yosinga kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kuqoqosho nakuluntu. Ke ngoko, ukubekwa esweni kweeparamitha zenethiwekhi kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweenethiwekhi ezikrelekrele ezizayo. Izikhokelo zophando ezifuna ukuhoywa ngqalelo kulo mba kwixesha elizayo zibandakanya: inkqubo yokubeka iliso yeparameter yenkqubo esekelwe kwi-teknoloji ehambelanayo elula kunye nokufunda koomatshini, iteknoloji yokubeka iliso yobuninzi bomzimba ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo oluhambelanayo lwesignali kunye nesigaba-sensitive optical time-domain reflection.
(2) Iteknoloji edibeneyo kunye nenkqubo
Eyona njongo yokudibanisa isixhobo kukunciphisa iindleko. Kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical, ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso emifutshane kumgama omfutshane kunokufezekiswa ngokuvuselelwa komqondiso oqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeengxaki zesigaba kunye ne-polarization state recovery, ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ezihambelanayo kusenzima. Ukongezelela, ukuba inkqubo enkulu edibeneyo ye-optical-electrical-optical system inokuphunyezwa, umthamo wenkqubo uya kuphuculwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokusebenza okuphantsi kobugcisa, ubunzima obuphezulu, kunye nobunzima bokudibanisa, akunakwenzeka ukukhuthaza ngokubanzi izibonakaliso ze-optical ezifana ne-2R yonke i-optical (ukukhulisa kwakhona, ukubunjwa kwakhona), i-3R (ukwandiswa kwakhona). , ukuphinda-phinda ixesha, kunye nokubunjwa kwakhona) kwinkalo yonxibelelwano lwe-optical. iteknoloji yokucubungula. Ke ngoko, ngokwemigaqo yokudibanisa itekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo, izikhokelo zophando lwexesha elizayo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Nangona uphando olukhoyo malunga neenkqubo zokuphindaphinda ulwahlulo lwendawo lutyebile, amacandelo aphambili eenkqubo zokuphindaphinda ulwahlulo lwendawo azikaphumeleli ukuphumelela kweteknoloji kwizifundiswa nakwishishini, yaye kufuneka ukomelezwa okungakumbi. Uphando, olufana nee-lasers ezidibeneyo kunye ne-modulators, abamkeli abadibeneyo obubini-dimensional, i-high-energy-effective integrated optical amplifiers, njl.; iintlobo ezintsha ze-optical fibers zinokwandisa kakhulu i-bandwidth yenkqubo, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo lusafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukusebenza kwabo okubanzi kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa zinokufikelela enye ekhoyo Inqanaba le-fiber mode; funda izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngefiber entsha kwikhonkco lonxibelelwano.
(3) Izixhobo zonxibelelwano zamehlo
Kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano lwe-optical, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ze-silicon photonic lufumene iziphumo zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, uphando olunxulumene nekhaya lusekwe ikakhulu kwizixhobo ezisebenzayo, kwaye uphando kwizixhobo ezisebenzayo lubuthathaka. Ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano lwe-optical, izikhokelo zophando lwexesha elizayo ziquka: uphando lokudibanisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo ze-silicon optical; uphando malunga nokudibanisa iteknoloji yezixhobo ze-non-silicon optical, ezifana nophando kwi-teknoloji yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ze-III-V kunye ne-substrates; uphuhliso olongezelelweyo lophando lwesixhobo esitsha kunye nophuhliso. Landela, njenge-lithium niobate optical waveguide edibeneyo kunye neenzuzo zesantya esiphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2023
